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Hypothyroidism

Condition Basics

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What is hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism means that the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormone, Opens dialog. This hormone controls the way your body uses energy. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland, Opens dialog in the front of your neck.

Having a low level of thyroid hormone affects your whole body. It can make you feel tired and weak. If it isn't treated, it can raise your cholesterol levels. During pregnancy, untreated hypothyroidism can harm your baby. But low thyroid levels can be treated with medicine that can help you feel like yourself again.

People of any age can get hypothyroidism, but older adults are more likely to get it. Women age 60 and older have the highest risk. You are more likely to get the disease if it runs in your family.

What causes it?

In the United States, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It causes the body's immune system to attack thyroid tissue. As a result, the gland can't make enough thyroid hormone. Worldwide, iodine deficiency is the number one cause of hypothyroidism.

What are the symptoms?

If you have low thyroid levels, you may feel tired, weak, or depressed. Other symptoms include dry skin, brittle nails, not being able to stand the cold, constipation, memory problems, and heavy or irregular menstrual periods. Symptoms occur slowly over time. You might not notice them or might mistake them for normal aging.

How is it diagnosed?

To diagnose hypothyroidism, your doctor will first ask you about your past health problems and do a physical exam. If your doctor thinks you have the condition, a simple blood test can show if your thyroid hormone level is too low.

How is hypothyroidism treated?

Hypothyroidism is treated with thyroid pills. Your symptoms will probably go away within a few months. But you will likely need to keep taking the pills. You will also need regular follow-up visits to make sure you have the right dose. If your condition is mild, you may not need treatment right away.

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Current as of: October 24, 2024

Author: Ignite Healthwise, LLC Staff

Clinical Review Board
All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.